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Smooth muscle cell phenotypic switch: implications for foam cell formation. This review summarizes data regarding the phenotypic switch of arterial smcs within atherosclerotic lesion and their contribution to intimal foam cell formation.
Apr 7, 2020 phenotype-switch model with stress and cisplatin response. To model the effect of cisplatin, we added a cisplatin dose-dependent cellular.
Thus, contrary to the prevailing wisdom that phenotypic switching is highly deterministic (has a genetic underpinning) in cancer, emerging evidence suggests that non-genetic mechanisms, at least in part due to the conformational noise, may also be a confounding factor in phenotypic switching.
Pseudomallei has important implications for treatment and vaccine development. Understanding the full repertoire of morphotypic and phenotypic switching, together with the signals and mechanisms for this process, represents key areas for further study.
Mutations in braf are present in the majority of patients with melanoma rendering these tumors sensitive to targeted therapy with.
A model of the fim genetic switch in escherichia coli was created to directly examine the properties and behaviour of the fabmos strategy in a realistic.
Phenotypic switching occurs in vivo in a murine model of infection. More importantly, the occurrence of phenotypic switching in vivo was associated with an increased likelihood of lethal outcome for the host. The mucoid (mc) variant pro-duces a different capsular polysaccharide, which renders it more resistant to phagocytosis by alveolar.
Phenotypic switching of vascular smooth muscle cells (vsmcs) plays a key role in atherosclerosis. Hyperhomocysteinemia (hhcy) is an independent risk factor for atherosclerosis. Hhcy induces phenotypic switching of vsmcs, but the mechanism is unclear.
Jun 8, 2015 phenotypic variation in a population of organisms can contribute to natural selection and evolution.
The transcription factor efg1 functions as a suppressor of white-to-opaque and white-to-gray switching in a /α strains of candida albicans. In a collection of 27 clinical isolates, 4 of the 17 efg1/efg1 strains, 1 of the 2 efg1/efg1 strains, and all 8 of the efg1 / efg1 strains underwent white-to-opaque switching. The four efg1/efg1 strains, the one efg1/efg1 strain, and one of the eight efg1.
Phenotypic switching of vascular smooth muscle cells in the 'normal region' of aorta from atherosclerosis patients is regulated by mir-145 j cell mol med 2016 jun;20(6):1049-61.
Apr 5, 2017 white–opaque switching in candida albicans was first discovered in 1987.
Switching from the smooth to the rough form was virtually eliminated in the 1116s reca strain, whereas the extent of switching from the rough to the smooth form was almost identical in 1116r and 1116r reca it is concluded that phenotypic switching from 1116s to 1116r is reca dependent whereas that from 1116r to 1116s is reca independent.
A “phenotypic switch” (ps) is a well-known phenomenon that occurs in hematopoietic neoplasms, often after treatment. However, in cutaneous t cell lymphoma (ctcl), this event has rarely been reported, and thus, very little is known about its relevance to disease prognosis. We report two cases of patients that were diagnosed with a cd4+ mycosis fungoides with positive t cell receptor gene.
Oct 28, 2020 in phenotypic switching, and in multicellularity that marks one of the issues, contributed articles together, and issued the daunting janus.
Phenotypic switching is defined as a reversible change of an observable colony phenotype that occurs at a frequency above the expected frequency for somatic mutations. This implies that phenotypic switching represents controlled and programmed changes in this pathogenic yeast rather than random mutations.
What implications with this in mind has the genetic manipulation caused? the term 'biological implications' means the biological consequences or changes that.
Physical features considered attractive are often signs of fertility or genetic fitness this is referred to the halo effect- one characteristic (physical attractiveness).
Albicans biology, with emphasis on the role of switching in promoting colonization and infection of distinct sites in the immunocompromised host.
Phenotypic switching and epigenetic inheritance are present in all life forms, from bacteria to mammals and plants. One of the oldest examples of phenotypic switching was described by carl linnaeus. As a strong advocate of the immutability of species, he thought that each group of beings was created to fit perfectly to its natural surroundings.
Aug 23, 2020 what will be the distribution of phenotypic features in the first generation after a cross between a homozygous female and a heterozygous male.
Thus, vsmc phenotype switching (the switch to a synthetic phenotype) is the most important pathological change in varicose vein patients. Our results suggest that high expression of gpr30 reduced the expression of a contractile phenotype marker (a-sma), enhanced the expression of a synthetic phenotype marker (opn) in vsmcs and promoted levv development.
A fraction of a genetically homogeneous microbial population may survive exposure to stress such as antibiotic treatment. Unlike resistant mutants, cells regrown from such persistent bacteria remain sensitive to the antibiotic. We investigated the persistence of single cells of escherichia coli with the use of microfluidic devices.
May 24, 2018 phenotypic switching is one of the mechanisms by which bacteria thrive in ever changing environmental conditions around them.
This process is called phenotypic switching and is often the first step in vascular pathology. Additionally, healthy vascular smooth muscle cells synthesize vkdps (vitamin k-dependent proteins), which are involved in inhibition of vascular calcification. The metabolism of these proteins is known to be disrupted in vascular pathologies.
Phenotypic switching: implications in biology and medicine provides a comprehensive examination of phenotypic switching across biological systems, including underlying mechanisms, evolutionary significance, and its role in biomedical science.
Phenotypic switching has been described in several strains of cryptococcus neoformans. It occurs in vivo during chronic infection and is associated with differential gene expression and changes in virulence. The switch involves changes in the polysaccharide capsule and cell wall that affect the yeast's ability to resist phagocytosis.
In an attempt to identify the potential role of twist1 in smc phenotypic switching, specific small interfering rna (sirna) was used to knockdown twist1 in human aortic smcs. Control cells were transfected with lentivirus containing scrambled control.
Apr 25, 2016 upon vascular injury, smc undergo phenotypic switch from a contractile- differentiated to a proliferative/migratory-dedifferentiated phenotype.
One of the initial observations of phenotypic switch (or transdifferentiation) in tumors is the well-known phenomenon of epithelial to mesenchymal transition (emt) during which epithelial cells acquire properties of mesenchymal cells by down-regulating the expression of certain.
Moreover, the ecm-modulated vsmc phenotypic switching also plays a critical role in various vascular diseases, such as hypertension, atherosclerosis and vascular calcification. Conclusion: various ecm compositions including fibrous proteins, glycoproteins and proteoglycans exhibit the ability to modulate the vsmc phenotypic switching. Keywords: extracellular matrix, vascular smooth muscle cell, phenotypic switching, metalloproteinases.
This review explores phenotypic switching in pathogenic fungi, including candida spp and cryptococcus spp, and how phenotypic switching contributes to the pathogenesis of fungal diseases. Over the past three decades new fungal diseases have emerged that now constitute a major threat, especially for patients with chronic diseases and/or under.
Phenotypic switching: implications in biology and medicine provides a comprehensive examination of phenotypic switching across biological systems, including.
Microellipsoides is an ecological adaptation, as has been suggested for similar morphological switching in distantly related species like candida.
Effect of phenotypic switching on expression of virulence factors by candida albicans causing candidiasis in diabetic patients.
Chiraz chaabane, matteo coen, and marie-luce bochaton-piallat.
Smc phenotypic switching, in response to treatment of cultured smcs with pdgf-bb, was associated with profound repression of expression of smc marker genes and loss of h4 acetylation. In contrast, phenotypically modulated smcs did not show loss of h3k4dime at smc gene loci, suggesting that this particular epigenetic modification at smc gene loci is a stable epigenetic signature of the smc lineage.
Phenotypic switching and mutation in the presence of a biocide: no replication of phenotypic variant.
May 17, 2016 moreover, the ecm-modulated vsmc phenotypic switching also plays a critical role in various vascular diseases, such as hypertension,.
Phenotypic switching has been described in serotype a and d strains of cryptococcus neoformans. It occurs in vivo during chronic infection and is associated with differential gene expression and changes in virulence. The switch involves changes in the polysaccharide capsule and cell wall that affect the yeast's ability to resist phagocytosis.
Arterial wall stress induces phenotypic switching of arterial smooth muscle cells in vascular remodeling by activating the yap/taz signaling pathway. Taken together, our findings revealed a mechanism by which yap/taz activation contributes to the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis.
How is the stage specificity controlled to switch from the dorsal-promoting in the early (h) morphological phenotype of an embryo overexpressing β-catenin ( compare with 2) in order to detect the immediate effect of lithium treatme.
Phenotypic plasticity is an evolutionary driving force in diverse biological processes, including the adaptive immune system, the development of neoplasms, and the persistence of pathogens despite.
Phenotypically modulated smcs typically downregulate the differentiation-associated contractile proteins, including myh11 (myosin heavy chain 11), tagln (transgelin), and cnn1 (calponin-1). 1 how this phenotypic switching occurs and the consequences for vascular physiology are areas of intensive research.
Jul 30, 2019 in order to understand the potential influences on phenotypes, it is first important to understand the relationship of phenotype to genotype.
During atherosclerotic plaque formation, smcs switch from a contractile to a synthetic phenotype. The contribution of this process to foam cell formation is still not well understood. Recent findings it has been confirmed that a large proportion of foam cells in human atherosclerotic plaques and in experimental intimal thickening arise from.
We have shown that a phenotypic switch from a smooth colony phenotype to a mucoid colony phenotype occurs in vitro and in vivo during chronic infection of mice. More importantly we have now demonstrated that the switch is associated with an increase in virulence and a change in the host immune response.
Wor1 (white-opaque switching regulator 1) is a master regulator of the white-opaque switching in candida albicans, an opportunistic human fungal pathogen, and is associated with its pathogenicity.
Jun 10, 2020 phenotypic switching: implications in biology and medicine provides a comprehensive examination of phenotypic switching across biological.
Mar 31, 2015 alterations in colony morphotype traits may reveal altered cellular basis phenotype which can confer ensured virulence, antimicrobial resistance.
Noncoding rnas in smooth muscle cell homeostasis: implications in phenotypic switch and vascular disorders.
Gpr30 was overexpressed in levvs, and high expression of gpr30 promoted the maintenance of a synthetic phenotype in which opn, mmp-1 and mmp-9 were highly expressed and α-sma was poorly expressed in vsmcs. Finally, the mechanism by which gpr30 promotes the phenotypic switching of vsmcs is dependent on the erk1/2 and akt pathways.
Targeting phenotype switching would be a novel therapeutic and preventive strategy to render the bacteria more vulnerable to host response and anti‐microbial treatment, which could enhance complete bacterial clearance after an acute infection.
Phenotypic switching: implications in biology and medicine provides a comprehensive examination of phenotypic switching across biological systems, including underlying mechanisms, evolutionary significance, and its role in biomedical science. Contributions from international leaders discuss conceptual and theoretical aspects of phenotypic plasticity, its influence over biological development, differentiation, biodiversity, and potential applications in cancer therapy, regenerative medicine.
This phenotypic switch from b2 to b1 is also observed in bk-induced nociceptive responses. The enhancement of bk-induced responses through this phenotypic switch following nerve injury may be explained by the fact that myelinated a-fibers have a lower stimulation threshold than unmyelinated c-fibers.
Vsmc phenotypic switch is an important first step in aaa formation and is marked by a loss of smooth muscle cell (smc) gene expression, an increase in matrix metalloproteinases (mmps) and extracellular matrix synthesis, as well as enhanced vsmc proliferation. 2 the precise mechanism for vsmc phenotypic switch, however, is not well understood.
Feb 10, 2021 phenotype switching in bacillus subtilis requires an all-or-none promoter binding of multiple comk proteins.
Tumor progression is recognized as a result of an evolving cross-talk between tumor cells and their surrounding nontransformed stroma. Although wnt signaling has been intensively studied in colorectal cancer, it remains unclear whether activity in the tumor-associated stroma contributes to malignancy. To specifically interfere with stromal signals, we generated wnt-independent tumor organoids.
It lies in wait for a change in some aspect of the host physiology that normally suppress growth and invasiveness through an enigmatic phenomenon called phenotypic switch system or white-opaque transition. This system involves reversible and heritable switching between alternative cellular phenotypes.
Phenotypic switching also occurs in multicellular organisms; smooth muscle cells (smcs) exhibit phenotypic transitions to allow rapid adaption to fluctuating.
We demonstrate how phenotypic switching leads to birhythmical expression in a genetic oscillator, and to hysteresis in phenotypic induction, thus highlighting the ability of regulatory networks to retain memory.
Jun 14, 2012 citation: gerlee p, nelander s (2012) the impact of phenotypic switching on glioblastoma growth and invasion.
Phenotypic switching in fungi is defined as the spontaneous emergence of colonies with altered colony morphology at rates higher than the somatic mutation rates changes in colony morphology are associated with a diverse array of changes on the cellular level.
We have examined a resistance mechanism in staphylococcus aureus that negates these costs.
Silencing of smc marker genes during phenotypic switching is partially mediated by sequential binding of pelk-1 and klf4 to g/c repressor elements.
Stabilizing selection results in a decrease of a population 's genetic variance when natural selection favors an average phenotype and selects against extreme.
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